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Qinxue Congshu
Great Compendium of Qin Studies 1 |
琴學叢書
1910-1923 2 |
|
Table of Contents for Qinxue Congshu
From QQJC XXX (compare Qin Fu edition ToC) |
(At right is the cover page of Book One of Qinxue Congshu. The date of the work is commonly given as 1910. Since Zha Fuxi's introduction to this compendium in QQJC XXX says it was actually published over a period from 1911 to 1931, as a series of 15 books, the 1910 publication date suggests the original draft had been prepared by then. In any case the QQJC edition ToC does not show the division into 15 books, but there is a cover page such as the one at right at the beginning of each publication, as described by Zha. The book numbers are thus added here in the indicated places based on this information. Note that Book 6 apparently came out over a period of time in three separate volumes, but there seems to have been only one plate such as the one at right. And for some reason the book division in the Qin Fu edition ToC is somewhat different.)
Opening (QQJC XXX/3)
This section includes a 總序 General Introduction a 目錄 ToC and a brief 聲律統考詳解 Focused Examination and Detailed Explanation of Musical Sounds that ends with a handwritten note that Yang Shibai died in 1933.
冊一 Book One 琴粹一 Qin Cui (Specially Excellent Qualities of Qin) (1911; XXX/8-53)
Afterwords for Qin Cao (XXX/31)
Most of the tablature for the qin in Qinxue Congshu uses a special system that indicates rhythm, as at right. In this system there are three extra lines going along with the tablature. The first line has either the lyrics or the names of the relative pitch; the second line marks the beat [sometimes this is omitted, presumably where the music is particularly free]; the third line shows specifically what the hand is doing when the lyric or note occurs; the fourth has the actual tablature.)
There are 29 pieces using this tablature in five books, three (books #6, #7 and #8) called Mirror on the Qin, one (9) called Mirror on the Qin Supplement, and one (#13) called Mirror on the Qin Continuation. (Compare the tablature for qin and se together in Book 10.)
琴鏡自序 Preface to Qin Jing (XXX/199)
The Continuation of Qin Jing (Book 12, below), has four more solo qin melodies using this system.
Introductions and ToC for Book 1; further commentary (XXX/8)
Qin Cao of Cai Yong (XXX/17)
With comments on each of the melodies listed.
Rest of Qin Cao of Cai Yong
幽蘭原譜等 (You Lan original tablature, etc.)
古琴考 Guqin Kao (Studies of Guqin
冊二 Book 2 琴話卷 Qin Hua (Speaking of Qin) (1913; XXX/54-104)
Prefaces for Book 2 (XXX/54)
Qin Hua Folio 1 (XXX/56)
冊三 Book 3 琴譜 Qin Pu (Qin Tablature) (1914; XXX/105-136)
Book 3 Prefaces about the ancient You Lan in Jieshi Mode (XXX/105)
幽蘭自序 You Lan prefaces (XXX/108)
幽蘭例言 You Lan Outline (XXX/109)
幽蘭古指法解 You Lan Old Finger Techniques (XXX/111)
幽蘭減字譜 You Lan in Shorthand Tablature (XXX/115)
(Qinxue Congshu Folio 24 below has a version of this in its tablature with rhytmic indication)
幽蘭雙行譜 You Lan in Longhand Tablature paired to Shorthand Tablature (XXX/117)
流水自序」例言 Prefaces
流水（天聞閣七十二滾拂版本）The 72 Gunfu Liu Shui from
Tianwen'ge Qinpu (copied with fingering explanations)
冊四 Book 4 琴學隨筆 Qinxue Suibi (Qin Study Jottings) (1919; XXX/137-166)
Preface (XXX/137)
Qin Study Jottings #1 (XXX/138)
冊五 Book 5 琴餘漫錄 Qin Yu Manlu (Casual Extra Notes about Qin) (1919; XXX/167-198)
冊六 Book 6 琴鏡 Qin Jing (Mirror on the Qin) Part 1 (1918; XXX/199-239)
Tablature in Qin Jing
(expand)
(with Qin tablature using the system at right to indicate note values)
琴鏡目錄 ToC for Qin Jing (XXX/200)
例言 Introductory Comments for Qin Jing (XXX/201)
指法說明 Fingering explanations for Qin Jing (XXX/202)
冊七六續 Book 6 (cont.) 琴鏡 Qin Jing (Mirror on the Qin) Part 2 (1922; XXX/239-276)
(with qin tablature using the system above to indicate note values)
冊六續 Book 6 (cont.) 琴鏡 Qin Jing (Mirror on the Qin) Part 3 (1923; XXX/276-286)
(with qin tablature using the system above to indicate note values)
冊七 Book 7 琴鏡補 Qin Jing Bu (Supplement to Mirror on the Qin) (1923; XXX/313-347)
(with qin tablature using the system above to indicate note values)
叙、目錄 Prefaces, ToC
指法、上絃法、調絃法 Finger techniques, putting on strings, tuning methods
Paired with Qu Yuan's poem (not following the common pairing method)
Paired with Cai Yan's poem
(not by the common pairing method);
at the end there is comment (附胡笳填詞譜書眉評語)
Standard tuning; gong mode; "avoid open third string"; paired with a variant of Li Bai lyrics (XXX/344)
冊八 Book 8 琴瑟合譜 Qin Se Hepu （Tablature for Qin with Se) (1925; XXX/348-369)
自叙、目錄 Preface, ToC
(using a variant of the
above tablature to indicate note values)
例言 (includes charts such as
hui marker positions for guqin).
冊九 Book 9 琴學問答 Qin Xue Wenda （Qin Study Dialogue) (1923; XXX/370-381)
琴師傳、瑟譜書後、彈琴詩
冊十 Book 10 藏琴錄 Zang Qin Lu Record of Collected Qins) (1925; XXX/382-387)
No images
冊十一 Book 11 琴瑟新譜 Qin Se Xin Pu (New Tablature for Qin and Se) (1929; XXX/388-417)
(using a variant of the
above tablature to indicate note values)
12 short pieces with lyrics and notes but no qin tablature:
9 short pieces with lyrics and notes but no qin tablature
12 short pieces with lyrics and notes but no qin tablature
孔廟釋尊樂章 Confucian Temple Songs with lyrics and notes but no qin tablature
冊十二 Book 12 琴鏡續 Qin Jing Xu (Continuation of Mirror on the Qin
(1931; see Book 6 above; XXX/418-464)
(with more qin tablature using the system above to indicate note values)
Essays
Two pieces from Shen Qi Mi Pu
冊十三 Book 13 (琴鏡釋疑 Qin Jing Shiyi (Resolving Issues about Mirror of the Qin) (1931; XXX 465-502)
冊十四 Book 14 (幽蘭和聲 You Lan Hesheng (The Harmony of You Lan) (1931; XXX 465-502)
冊十五 Book 15 (琴鏡釋疑 Qin Jing Shiyi (Dispelling Doubts about Mirror of the Qin) (1931; XXX 465-502)
1.
琴學叢書 Qinxue Congshu
Available in facsimile edition, Tong Kin-Woon's
Qin Fu and the 2010 edition of Qinqu Jicheng.
As mentioned on the main page, Qinxue Congshu is an encyclopaedia of the qin, with numerous essays and melodies in tablature. The compiler was Yang Zongji (Yang Shibai).
A few original editions of Qinxue Congshu are available in libraries, but most commonly available are two facsimile editions, as follows:
Elsewhere I have left online the Table of Contents I made from Qin Fu edition of this book, before seeing the complete version. This has not been a focus of my own research and I what did there was mainly to help me locate references that were not in the Qin Fu edition. Further details were generally added as I need them for reference. I made the above ToC from QQJC XXX at the end of 2014.
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2.
Image
None yet selected.
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3. Four Grand Vistas (四大景 Si Da Jing)
(Zha Guide [ 41(x)/---/555)
Also: Four Grand Sites; Four Great Sceneries, etc. There are three tablatures that should be considered (Zha Guide p.41 [41] lists only 1910 and is missing this title [see the blank space after 五瓣梅 Wu Ban Mei]). These details are discussed further below.
Melodies with these titles, Si Da Jing in particular, appear in repertoires for quite a variety of instruments and ensembles. For example, in traditional 潮州 Chaozhou music there is a Si Da Jing said to date back to the Tang dynasty; the full piece consists of a prelude and four titled sections: 序曲、一景《柳搖金》、二景《金毛獅》、三景《鬧元宵》」四景《柳青娘》. And there is a version in gongche notation from around 1770 that can be found in a book called 絃笛琵琶譜 Xian Di Pipa Pu (further information at www.joh.cam.ac.uk). I do not yet know how these might be musically related to the extant qin versions.
On the other hand, the lack of information on this title in ZWDCD (4782.xxx) suggests it does not have ancient classical lineage. Likewise ZWDCD has no entry for the name of the earliest surviving guqin version, called Spring Vista (春景 Chun Jing; 14146.xxx).
As for the guqin versions, mention is made above of three surviving entries from extant qin handbooks dated 1825, 1844 and 1910 respectively. The first two of these are related, the third different; none has commentary. Further information regarding these three is given below together with commentary on a related melody apparently from Okinawa. Zha Guide has brief comments on all three qin versions but is a bit garbled, giving it two separate entries in the index but mentioning the 1844 version only under handbook introductions and lyrics; its comments are included below:
A recording by Chen Changling says it comes from 1844.
Lyrics and music are related to the previous.
Zha Guide p.162 (204), Zhang Ju Tian Qinpu (1844), lists Si Da Jing, saying it includes only the first section, Chun Jing.
The original 1844 lyrics are:
花開三月天，嬌紅嫩蕊鮮。
草萌芽，桃似火，柳如烟。
仕女王孫，戲耍鞦韆。
暗傷殘，春閨兩淚漣，愁鎖兩眉尖。
蝴蜨穿花，兩翅兒搧。
清明賞錦園，和風修透禮仙，玉樓人，沉醉在杏花天。
玉樓人，沉醉在杏花天。
The transcription is from GQQJ, I/268; its commentary (p.10) says it is unrelated to the 1825 and 1844 songs. This transcription was based on the reconstruction by 管平湖 Guan Pinghu; the .jpg shows the first page of Guan's reconstruction (GQQJ, I/268) alongside the beginning of the original 1910 tablature. From this it can be seen that Guan made many changes to the original, elaborating it in a way that seems to bring out its folk music quality. His interpretation can now also be heard online via a recording by 戴曉蓮 Dai Xiaolian, currently here.
A recording from Okinawa is currently (2014) online
here. It is sung in Mandarin but said to be "Okinawan Court Music". If historically correct, this suggests that in Okinawa they had a version with similar music and lyrics to the earlier two qin versions from China (compare it with Huang Hongwen's recording from 1825). The lyrics from Okinawa are as follows:
花開三月天，嬌嬌孅慈鮮。
草萌芽，桃似火，柳如煙。
士女王孫，戲耍鞦鞭。
暗傷殘，春關兩淚漣，愁鎮兩眉尖。
蝴蝶艷，對對穿花，兩扇翹。
清明賞明園，和風吹牡丹。
玉樓人，泥醉倒在杏花天。
杏花天。
Regarding the last two lines of each of each set of lyrics above, 杏花天 Xing Hua Tian is the name of yet another qin melody (in 松聲操 Song Sheng Cao [1687], XII/408 & 409; 37/--/532). One can find online commentary suggesting a connection between this and Si Da Jing, mentioning in particular a version transmitted by 王仲皋 Wang Zhonggao (琴學備要? Compare 學琴備要 Xue qin beiyao in Yuguzhai Qinpu). However, I have yet to find what if any melodic connection there might be.
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