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Zhang Dai
- Qin Shi Xu #141 |
張岱 1
琴史續 #141 2 |
Zhang Dai (1597 - ca. 1684), a member of a wealthy family in Shaoxing, wrote extensively about his life and family, in the process leaving a valuable record of life at the end of the Ming dynasty. Playing qin was just one of his many activities. This part of his life is discussed in Xu Jian's Qinshi Chubian, Chapter 7.A., and is quoted in connection with the expression cao man.
The essay in Qinshi Xu is as follows.
Zhang Dai, style name 宗子 Zongzi and in old age nicknamed 陶庵老人 Old Man of Tao An, was from 山陰 Shanyin (Shaoxing, in Zhejiang). His family had been illustrious for generations, (so he had) beautiful and expensive food and clothing, and spent his days amongst wealthy people from all over. They arranged singers to perform melodies, and they could tell all sorts of jokes. Cock fights, bird fights, gambling, football and light music3: he was accomplished at all such skills, but was especially good at qin.
In Shaoxing, people who followed Wang's Bright Spring School (of qin play)4 esteemed (its master?) Wang Lü'e,5 so Zhang Dai studied with him. He (then) could play such melodies as Yu Qiao Wenda, Liezi Yu Feng, Biyu Mode,6 Shui Long Yin, Dao Yi, and Huanpei Sheng.7 Shortly thereafter he studied qin for half a year with Wang Benwu,8 learning more than 20 melodies including Yan Luo Pingsha, Shan Ju Yin, Jing Guan Yin, Qingye Wen Zhong, Wu Ye Ti, Han Gong Qiu, Gao Shan, Liu Shui, Meihua Sannong, Chun Hua Yin,9 Cangjiang Yeyu, and Zhuang Zhou Meng Die, plus more than 10 short (? these are both long) melodies such as Hujia Shibapai10 and Pu'an Zhou.
(Wang) Benwu's finger technique was round and calm, slightly carrying along a sort of glibness. Zhang Dai achieved his techniques (but) when he was still not fully proficient he used a bamboo stick to bring out (the rhythms). This was then called "playing together".11
At one time he formed with his fellow students Fan Yulan, Yin Ertao, He Zixiang, Wang Tu, Mei Yan, Ke Pingzi and so forth12 a One Silk Strand Association13 which met three times a month. It had a small directive that said, 中郎音癖清溪弄。三載乃成。賀令神交....14
Translation incomplete; 張慎行 Zhang Shenxing and 何明台 He Mingtai are both mentioned later in the essay.
Footnotes (Shorthand references are explained on a
separate page)
1.
Zhang Dai (1597 - after 1667), sources
The source for the whole of #141 is given as 蓴湖漫錄
Chunhu Manlu. This is somewhat odd, as all other references to Chunhu Manlu are 14th century or earlier.
Two books on Zhang Dai were published in 2007:
ICTCL pp.220-221 says Zhang Dai was a "romantic writer and historian of the late Ming period" whose poverty after the fall of the Ming "prompted him to produce two important works, Tao'an Mengyi 陶庵夢遺 (Recollections of Tao'an's Past Dreams), a series of nostalgic sketches of the grand and elegant life of the late Ming, and Shikui Shu 石匱書 (Book of the Stone Case), a history of the Ming dynasty".
Wu Zhao's preface to Huiyan Mizhi (QQJC X, p.1) refers to a chapter of Tao'an Mengyi called 紹興琴派 Shaoxing Qin School.
10026.575/2 張岱 Zhang Dai says only that he was 劍州人，僑寓錢塘，字陶菴，自號蝶庵居士。著有西湖夢尋 from Jianzhou but made Hangzhou is residence; style name Tao'an (not -庵), called himself Die'an Jushi and wrote a Xihu Mengxun.
Bio. 1217 says that Zhang Dai was from 浙江山陰 Shanyin in Zhejiang, had the style names 宗字 Zongzi and 石公 Shigong as well as the nickname 陶庵 Tao'an. He lived a long time in Hangzhou and after the Ming fled to 剡溪山 Yanxi Shan. It lists his writings as 琅嬛文集 Langhuan Wenji, 西湖夢尋 Xihu Mengxun, 陶庵夢遺 Tao'an Mengyi, 石匱書 Shikui Shu and 今存后集 Jincun Houji.
(Return)
2.
26 lines for Zhang Dai and five others
(王侶鵝 Wang Lü'e,
王本吾 Wang Benwu,
何紫翔 He Zixiang,
張慎行 Zhang Shenxing and
何明台 He Mingtai).
(Return)
3. 擘院 bi ruan, lit: play the ruan lute. (Return)
4. 明泉派 Mingquan 14124.xxx. (Return)
5. 王侶鵝 Wang Lü'e; Bio. xxx (Return)
6. 碧玉調 Biyu Diao is the name of a mode, not a melody. Should it be 碧玉意 Biyu Yi? (Return)
7. Is 環珮聲 Huanpei Sheng the same as Tianfeng Huanpei? (Return)
8. 王本吾 Wang Benwu, Bio. xxx. (Return)
9. 淳花引 Chun Hua Yin ? No other mention (Return)
10. 胡笳十八拍 Hujia Shibapai developed out of Da Hujia. (Return)
11. For "bamboo stick" see 18923.7 澀勒 selao: name of a type of bamboo (6/197 has same, with a reference to Su Shi). Separately the words mean "rough/harsh" and "restrain/engrave", so could the phrase might also mean using some sort of roughness to contrast with the smoothness of his teacher? (Return)
12.
范與蘭 Fan Yulan
尹爾韜 Yin Ertao
何紫翔 He Zixiang
王土 Wang Tu
美燕 Mei Yan
客平子 Ke Pingzi
(Return)
Return to QSCB, 7.A. or to the Guqin ToC.