Autumn Thoughts at Dongting is a short melody that can be found in at least 22 handbooks from 1549 to 1890.⁴ The Dongting of the title is generally considered to be Lake Dongting in Hunan province. This is perhaps re-inforced by this melody being called Xiangjiang Yin in two handbooks from the 1550s.⁵

However, because this earliest version (Xilutang Qintong, 1549) presents it as a prelude to #77, A Drunken Fisherman Sings in the Evening, which has references to the southern part of Lake Taihu and the Song river flowing eastward from there, clearly the reference at one time, and for some players, was to southern Lake Taihu, with its Dongting Grottos. This would be in line with artistic references such as the painting to the right by Zhao Mengfu.

An examination of the first 10 or so surviving tablatures, comprising all but one up to the one in Ziyuantang Qinpu (1802), shows all are musically related, with three sections plus a harmonic coda. The second, in Qinshu Daquan (1590), is virtually identical to the melody here, but does not connect it as a prelude, as here, to any other piece.⁶ The third, in Songxianguan Qinpu (1614), has an added passage at the end of the second section. Variants of this added passage appear in all subsequent handbooks examined.

The first four surviving versions all follow the common practice of pieces in zhi mode, where the main note is 5 (so), of often flattening 7 (ti); see for example the fourth note. (Compare this to the shang mode, in which the main note is 1 and the 3rd is often flatted). The fifth, Dahuange Qinpu (1673), raises these flatted 7s to standard 7s.

There are recordings of Dongting Qiu Si by Ding Chengyun, Wang Huade, Xie Xiaoping and Zha Fuxi. Most seem to be based on Zha's reconstruction (listen), which combines elements of several early handbooks. Zha seems have based his version largely on the one in the 1590 handbook but is somewhat more elaborate, having in particular short additions at the end of sections two and three. The first addition is similar to the one dating from 1614; the latter addition apparently comes from a later source. Zha follows the later tonality of not flattening the 7s.

Early versions have no commentary. Wuxue Shanfang Qinpu (1836) quotes from Dongting Qiusi Shi, a poem (shi) by Fang Chaoting.⁷ As for commentary with the recordings, one tries to make a connection with the Qiu Si said to have been one of the Five Melodies of Cai Yong (Caishi Wunong); another mentions the Erxiang Qinpu,⁸ so perhaps that is the source of the added passage found in some recordings.

 
Original Preface

None (see #77. Zui Yu Chang Wan)

 
Music
3 sections, untitled

1.
2.
3.

 
Footnotes (Shorthand references are explained on a separate page)

1. 17777.56ff have nothing about "autumn thoughts" or the people mentioned here.
(Return)

2. Standard tuning can also be considered as 5 6 1 2 3 5 6. For more information on this mode, 徵調 zhi diao, see Shenpin Zhi Yi. For modes in general see Modality in Early Ming Qin Tablature.
(Return)

3. Zhao Mengfu: East Hill of Dongting 趙孟頫﹕洞庭東山圖

A Korean scroll

The Zhao Mengfu painting above is in the collection of the Shanghai Museum, which translates the title as Eastern Hill at the Dongting Area. To some people this may suggest that the painting depicts a scene in the region of Dongting Lake in Hunan. However, at the southern end of Lake Taihu in Jiangsu province are two large islands still called 西、東洞庭 Western and Eastern Dongting; each is covered by a large hill. In this light it is interesting to consider images such as the one at right, from an anonymous Korean painting called Autumn Moon over Lake Dongting (I have not seen the original Korean title, presumably in Chinese characters) in the Metropolitan Museum; it is said to be one of two the Museum's anonymous 15th century paintings originally part of a complete set of 瀟湘八景 Eight Scenes of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers. This would of course connect it to the Lake Dongting in Hunan.
(Return)

4. Zha Guide 20/186/-- lists Dongting Qiu Si in 22 handbooks from 1549 to 1890. The second and third occurrences are not until 1590 and 1614, but see Xiangjiang Yin below.
(Return)

5. 湘江吟 Xiangjiang Yin
Zha Guide 23/230/00 lists this as a separate melody, surviving in two handbooks, dated 1552 and 1557. However, the melody is almost the same as Dongting Qiu Si. The Xiang River flowed into Dongting Lake in Hunan province.
(Return)

6. The 1590 tablature has a few errors and omissions.
(Return)

7. 方潮聽 Fang Chaoting; no further information
(Return)

8. 二香琴譜, 1833
(Return)

Return to the annotated handbook list or to the Guqin ToC.